2 Samuel 20:3

Authorized King James Version

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And David came to his house at Jerusalem; and the king took the ten women his concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in ward, and fed them, but went not in unto them. So they were shut up unto the day of their death, living in widowhood.

Original Language Analysis

בָ֑א came H935
בָ֑א came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 29
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
דָוִ֣ד And David H1732
דָוִ֣ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 29
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 29
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֵּית the house H1004
בֵּית the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 4 of 29
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם֒ at Jerusalem H3389
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם֒ at Jerusalem
Strong's: H3389
Word #: 5 of 29
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
וַיִּקַּ֣ח took H3947
וַיִּקַּ֣ח took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 6 of 29
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ and the king H4428
הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ and the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 7 of 29
a king
אֵ֣ת H853
אֵ֣ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 29
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֶֽשֶׂר the ten H6235
עֶֽשֶׂר the ten
Strong's: H6235
Word #: 9 of 29
ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)
נָשִׁ֣ים׀ women H802
נָשִׁ֣ים׀ women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 10 of 29
a woman
פִּֽלַגְשִׁ֡ים his concubines H6370
פִּֽלַגְשִׁ֡ים his concubines
Strong's: H6370
Word #: 11 of 29
a concubine; also (masculine) a paramour
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 12 of 29
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הִנִּיחַ֩ whom he had left H3240
הִנִּיחַ֩ whom he had left
Strong's: H3240
Word #: 13 of 29
to deposit; by implication, to allow to stay
לִשְׁמֹ֨ר to keep H8104
לִשְׁמֹ֨ר to keep
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 14 of 29
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
בֵּית the house H1004
בֵּית the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 15 of 29
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֤ם and put H5414
וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֤ם and put
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 16 of 29
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
בֵּית the house H1004
בֵּית the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 17 of 29
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ them in ward H4931
מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ them in ward
Strong's: H4931
Word #: 18 of 29
watch, i.e., the act (custody), or (concretely) the sentry, the post; objectively preservation, or (concretely) safe; figuratively observance, i.e., (
וַֽיְכַלְכְּלֵ֔ם and fed H3557
וַֽיְכַלְכְּלֵ֔ם and fed
Strong's: H3557
Word #: 19 of 29
properly, to keep in; hence, to measure; figuratively, to maintain (in various senses)
וַֽאֲלֵיהֶ֖ם H413
וַֽאֲלֵיהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H413
Word #: 20 of 29
near, with or among; often in general, to
לֹא H3808
לֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 21 of 29
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
בָ֑א came H935
בָ֑א came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 22 of 29
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
וַתִּֽהְיֶ֧ינָה H1961
וַתִּֽהְיֶ֧ינָה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 23 of 29
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
צְרֻר֛וֹת unto them So they were shut up H6887
צְרֻר֛וֹת unto them So they were shut up
Strong's: H6887
Word #: 24 of 29
to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 25 of 29
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
י֥וֹם unto the day H3117
י֥וֹם unto the day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 26 of 29
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
מֻתָ֖ן H4194
מֻתָ֖ן
Strong's: H4194
Word #: 27 of 29
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
אַלְמְנ֥וּת in widowhood H491
אַלְמְנ֥וּת in widowhood
Strong's: H491
Word #: 28 of 29
concrete, a widow; abstract, widowhood
חַיּֽוּת׃ living H2424
חַיּֽוּת׃ living
Strong's: H2424
Word #: 29 of 29
life

Analysis & Commentary

And David came to his house at Jerusalem; and the king took the ten women his concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in ward, and fed them, but went not in unto them. So they were shut up unto the day of their death, living in widowhood.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Sheba's Rebellion, emphasizing ongoing challenges to authority. Sheba's rebellion demonstrates that David's troubles continue despite Absalom's defeat. The wise woman's intervention prevents unnecessary bloodshed. Theological themes include ongoing resistance to God's appointed leader, the value of wisdom in crisis resolution, the danger of divisive rhetoric, and God's provision of unexpected solutions through unlikely people.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 20 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding ongoing challenges to authority provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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